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| 1738 |
17381737 <--> 1739 / 18ma yar-cento
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Eventi
Naski
- 28 di mayo – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, Franca mediko, qua rekomendos uzar la mortigilo, la gilotino, ye 1792.
Morti
Category:1730a yari
ko:1738년
17371736 <--> 1738 / 18ma yar-cento
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Eventi
Naski
Morti
- 18 di decembro – Antonio Stradivari, Italiana violino-konstruktisto (naskis ye 1644).
Category:1730a yari
ko:1737년
18ma yar-centoHistorio > yar-cento > 17ma yar-cento 19ma yar-cento
Kursiva yaro ne inheras a ca yarcento:
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Dum 18ma yarcento eventis inter altri:
- Europa –
- Ilumino-epoko(?) implikas nova, revoluciona pensi en Europa.
- En Francia naskas rokoko-stilo.
- Centr-Amerika –
- Europani komencas explotar Karibia.
- Nord-Amerika –
- Kolonii en nord-Amerika prosperas. Nova Amerikani demandas plu e plu lando de Indiani.
Dum unesma duimo dil 18ma yarcento eventis inter altri:
- Mondo –
- Sklavo-komerco expansas.
- Europa –
- Pyotr la Granda novigas Rusia, quo divenas signifikanta povo en Europa.
- Oceania –
- Tahitiana ed Europani renkontras unesmafoye en Moorea-insulo.
Dum duesma duimo dil 18ma yarcento eventis inter altri:
- Nord-Amerika –
- Indiani dreseskas eskapinta kavali e lernas chasar bizoni.
- Europa –
- La granda revoluciono efektigas a tota mondo.
- Nord-Amerika –
- On militas pro sendependeso en Amerika. Unioninta stati di Amerika, Usa, naskas.
- Oceania –
- Britania komencas uzar Australia kom karcero.
Category:Yar-centi Category:Historio
ja:18世紀
ko:18세기
Gilotinoright
Gilotino es mashino pro kapo-tranchar homo penala kondamnita a morto emendita ed uzita sur Louis 16ma.
Proxim alta 4m du reli guidas grava triangula lamo sur la kolo di kondamnito pro instante morto. Famoza tamen franca revoluciono (fina 18ma yar-cento) ube esis maxim bona kompare ad ante kruela metodi ul es nun poka uzita.
Category:Morto-puniso
ja:ギロチン
17921791 <--> 1793 / 18ma yar-cento
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Eventi
Europa –
- 21 di septembro – On fondas republiko en Francia.
- En Francia gilotino esas recepcionata kom oficala exekutilo. Rejo Louis 16ma devas rezignar de trono, e Francia divenas republiko. Louis 16ma exekutesas per gilotino.
- Francia militas kontra (unesma unionuro di) Austria, Prussia, Britania, Hispania, Nederlando, Sardinia, Portugal (til 1797). Francia esas vinkonta.
- Turkia ne plus entraprezas konquestar Krimea de Rusia.
- Gustaf 4ma Adolf divenas rejo di Suedia (til 1809).
Afrika –
- Dania-Norvegia interdiktas unesme la komerco di negro-sklavi en sua Afrikana kolonii en Ora Rivo.
Azia
- Chinian armeo invadas Nepal.
- En India Britania vinkas sultanio di Mysore, quo mustas desertas duimo de sultanio a Britaniani.
Naski
Morti
- Sheko Mohammas Ibn Abdul Wahhab, fondanto di Saudia Arabia.
- Gustaf 3ma, rejo di Suedia (depos 1771), mortigita.
- Louis 16ma, rejo di Francia (depos 1774), exekutita.
Category:1790a yari
ko:1792년
simple:1792
th:พ.ศ. 2335
Category:1730a yariCategory:18ma yar-cento
Count von DaunLeopold Josef Graf Daun, Fürst von Thiano (Count Leopold Josef von Daun or Dhaun) (September 24, 1705 – February 5, 1766), Prince of Thiano, Austrian field marshal, was born at Vienna.
He was intended for the church, but his natural inclination for the army, in which his father and grandfather had been distinguished generals, proved irresistible. In 1718 he served in the campaign in Sicily, in his father's regiment. He had already risen to the rank of Oberst (Colonel) when he saw further active service in Italy and on the Rhine in the War of the Polish Succession (1734-35). He continued to add to his distinctions in the war against the Turks (1737-39), in which he attained the rank of Feldmarschalleutnant (Major-General). In the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-42), Daun distinguished himself by the careful leadership which was afterwards his greatest military quality.
He was present at Chotusitz and Prague, and led the advanced guard of Khevenhüller's army in the victorious Danube campaign of 1743. Field Marshal Traun, who succeeded Khevenhüller in 1744, thought equally highly of Daun, and entrusted him with the rearguard of the Austrian army when it escaped from the French to attack Frederick the Great. He held important commands in the battles of Hohenfriedberg and Soor, and in the same year (1745) was promoted to the rank of Feldzeugmeister (Lieutenant General). After this he served in the Low Countries, and was present at the Battle of Val. He was highly valued by Maria Theresa, who made him commandant of Vienna and a Knight of the Golden Fleece, and in 1754 he was elevated to the rank of Feldmarschall (Field-Marshal).
During the interval of peace that preceded the Seven Years' War he was engaged in carrying out an elaborate scheme for the reorganization of the Austrian army, and it was chiefly through his efforts that the military academy was established at Wiener-Neustadt in 1751. He was not actively employed in the first campaigns of the war, but in 1757 he was placed at the head of the army which was raised to relieve Prague. On June 18, 1757 Daun defeated Frederick for the first time in his career in the desperately fought Battle of Kolin. In commemoration of this brilliant exploit the queen immediately instituted a military order bearing her name, and Daun was awarded the first Grand Cross of that order. The union of the relieving army with the forces of Prince Charles at Prague reduced Daun to the position of second in command, and in that capacity he took part in the pursuit of the Prussians and the victory of Breslau.
Frederick now reappeared and won the most brilliant victory of the age at Leuthen. Daun was present on that field, but was not held accountable for the disaster, and when Prince Charles resigned his command, Daun was appointed in his place. With the campaign of 1758 began the war of manoeuvre in which Daun, though he missed, through over-caution, many opportunities of crushing the Prussians, at least maintained a steady and cool resistance to the fiery strategy of Frederick. In 1758 Major-General Laudon, acting under Daun's instructions, forced the king to raise the siege of Olmütz, and later in the same year Daun himself surprised Frederick at Hochkirch and inflicted a severe defeat upon him (October 14th). In the following year the war of manoeuvre continued, and on the 20th and 21st of November he surrounded the entire corps of General Finck at Maxen, forcing the Prussians to surrender. These successes were counterbalanced in the following year by the defeat of Loudon at Liegnitz, which was attributed to the dilatoriness of Daun, and Daun's own defeat in the great Battle of Torgau. In this engagement Daun was so severely wounded that he had to return to Vienna to recuperate.
He continued to command until the end of the war, and afterwards worked with the greatest energy at the reorganization of the imperial forces. In 1762 he had been appointed president of the Hofkriegsrath. By order of Maria Theresa a monument to his memory was erected in the church of the Augustinians, with an inscription describing him as the "saviour of her states." In 1888 the 56th Regiment of Austrian Infantry was named after him. As a general Daun has been criticized for the dilatoriness of his operations, but wariness was not misplaced when one faced a general like Frederick, who was quick and unpredictable. His inability to exploit a victory, on the other hand, might not be so easily excused.
Notes
- For an overview of the system of military ranks that existed in the Austro-Hungarian Empire up to the first World War see Comparative military ranks of World War I
Further reading
See Der deutsche Fabius Cunctator, oder Leben und Thaten seiner Excellentz, des Herrn Leopold Joseph Maria Reichsgrafen von Daun ... (S.l.: s.n., 1759-1760), and works dealing with the wars of the period.
References
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Daun, Leopold Josef, Count von
Daun, Leopold Josef, Count von
Daun, Leopold Josef, Count von
Daun, Leopold Josef, Count von
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